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p>LevelDB stores keys, values, and arbitrary bytes. Data is sorted according to key. It supports batching write, forward and reverse iteration, and compression of data using Google's Snappy compression library.

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p>LevelDB is not an SQL database. Like other NoSQL and dbm-based stores, it doesn't have a relational model for data and does not support SQL queries. Additionally, it lacks support for indexes. Applications use LevelDB as a library because it does not offer an interface for command-line or server.

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p>MariaDB 10.0 comes with a storage engine that allows users to query LevelDB tables directly from MariaDB. [6]

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p>LevelDB is based on concepts that Google developed for its Bigtable database system. The table implementation for the Bigtable database system was designed in 2004. It is based on a different Google code base than the LevelDB code. The code base is based on a range of Google code libraries that are not themselves open sourced, so directly open-sourcing the code would have been difficult. Sanjay Ghemawat and Jeff Dean wanted to create a system that was similar to the Bigtable tablet stack. It would have only a few dependencies, be open-sourced and be suitable for Chrome's IndexedDB implementation. LevelDB was written by them in the beginning of 2011 with the same design as the Bigtable tablet stack, but without sharing any of their code. [7]

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p>Usage[edit]

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p>LevelDB is used as the backend database of Google Chrome's IndexedDB and is one of the backends supported for Riak. [88 Bitcoin Core and go?ethereum also store blockchain metadata with a LevelDB Database. [9] Minecraft Bedrock Edition uses a modified version to store chunks and entity data storage. [10] Autodesk AutoCAD 2016 also uses LevelDB.

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p>Performance[edit]

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p>Google has provided benchmarks comparing LevelDB's performance to SQLite and Kyoto Cabinet in different scenarios. 11 LevelDB surpasses both SQLite and Kyoto Cabinet in write operations and sequential-order read operations. LevelDB excels in batch writing, but is slower than SQLite when dealing with large numbers. After SQLite configuration errors were discovered in an earlier version, the benchmarks of the current version were revised. The updated benchmarks[13show that LevelDB also outperforms Berkeley DB however, these tests also demonstrate that OpenLDAP LightningDB is significantly faster (~10 times in certain situations) in read operations as well as certain types of writing (e.g. The rest of the test is identical with the exception of batch and writing that is synchronous (see the link above).

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p>Please note that all of the above benchmarks are from 2011 to 2014, and could only have historical significance since SQLite for instance became substantially more efficient. [14]

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p>Bugs and reliability [edit]

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p>LevelDB has history of corruption problems in databases. [15][16][17][18][19][20] A study from 2014 has found that, on older (non-checksummed) file systems, the database could become corrupted after a crash or power failure. [21]

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p>Lightning Memory-Mapped Database rocksDB an open-source and free software portal References[edit]

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p>^ "Release 1.23". 23 February 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021. "Google Research Scientists and Engineers": Jeffrey Dean. Google, Inc. https://strongcraft.org/ Sanjay Ghemawat, Research Scientists and Engineers Google, Inc. Google Open-Sources NoSQL Database Called LevelDB ReadWriteWeb?. July 30, 2011. Retrieved from the original August 16, 2011. Retrieved July 30, 2011. ^ "Google Open Source Blog: LevelDB: A Fast Persistent Key-Value Store". Google, Inc. ^ LevelDB storage engine ^ Jeff Dean. "LevelDB mailing list: "Current Status of LevelDB"". ^ LevelDB. Docs.basho.com. Retrieved 2013-09-18. ^ Andreas M. Antonopoulos. "Chapter 7. The Blockchain Retrieved 8 January 2015. ^ "Bedrock Edition level format". ^ "LevelDB Benchmarks". Google, Inc. Archived from the original on 2011-08-20. ^ "LevelDB Benchmark discussion". Database Microbenchmarks Archived 2014-08-10 on the Wayback Machine Symas Corp. 2012-09. Retrieved 22 October 2016."Measuring the CPU utilization in SQLite". Repairing LevelDB Issues * google/leveldb GitHub? Unrecoverable Chromium corruption Corruption following power loss. The problem is that it's corrupted in Ethereum All File Systems Are Not the Same: The Complexity of Creating Crash Consistent Applications 2014. pp. 433-448. ISBN 9781931971164. External links[edit[edit

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p>Official website v t E Chromium OpenRefine? Tesseract Carbon Dart Go Sawzall AMP Angular AngularJS Beam Bazel Blockly Closure Tools Cpplint FlatBuffers? Flutter Gears Gerrit Guava gRPC Gson Guetzli Guice gVisor Kubernetes LevelDB libvpx NaCl? OR-Tools Polymer TensorFlow? AOSP Chromium OS Fuchsia gLinux Goobuntu Code-in Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.

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